| Preparation of Reagents and chemicals |
| 1.0 Procedure for preparation of Reagents 1.1 Barium Chloride Solution: A 10.0 per cent w/v solution of barium chloride. 1.2 Barium Hydroxide, 0.1 M: Dissolve 31.547 g of barium hydroxide in sufficient water to produce 1000 ml. 1.3 Barium Hydroxide Solution: A 3.0 per cent w/v solution of barium hydroxide in water. 1.4 Blue Tetrazolium Solution, Alkaline: Immediately before use mix 1 volume of a 0.2 % w/v soln. of blue tetrazolium in methanol with 3 volumes of a 12 % w/v solution of sodium hydroxide in methanol. 1.5 Borax, 0.2 M: Dissolve 76.28 g of borax in sufficient water to produce 1000 ml. 1.6 Boric Acid Solution: Dissolve 5 g of boric acid in a mixture of 20 ml of water and 20 ml of ethanol (95 per cent) and dilute to 250 ml with ethanol (95 per cent). 1.7 Bromine, 0.0167 M: Dissolve 1 g of potassium bromate and 5 g of potassium bromide in sufficient water to produce 1000 ml. 1.8 Bromine Solution: Dissolve 9.6 ml of bromine and 30 g of potassium bromide in sufficient water to produce 100 ml. 1.9 Bromine Solution, Acetic: Dissolve 100 gm of potassium acetate in glacial acetic acid and add 4 ml of bromine and produce 1000 ml with sufficient glacial acetic acid. 1.10 Bromine Water: Freshly prepared saturated solution obtained by shaking occasionally during 24 hours 3 ml of bromine with 100 ml of water and allowing to separate. Store the solution over an excess of bromine in light resistant containers. 1.11 4-Bromoaniline Solution; Dissolve 2 g of 4-Bromoaniline in 100 ml of glacial acetic acid saturated with thiourea. Store protected from light. Prepare fresh weekly. 1.12 Calcium Chloride, x M: Solutions of any molarity xM may be prepared by dissolving 147x g of calcium chloride in efficient water to produce 1000 ml. 1.13 Calcium Chloride Solution: A 10.0 % w/v solution of calcium chloride. 1.49 Calcium Sulphate Solution: A saturated solution of calcium sulphate. 1.14 Cerous Nitrate Solution: Dissolve 0.22 g of cerous nitrate in 50 ml of water, add 0.1 ml of nitric acid and 50 mg of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and dilute to 1000 ml with water. 1.15 Chloramine T Solution; Chloramine Solution: A 2.0 per cent w/v solution of chloramineT. Prepare immediately before use. 1.16 Chlorinated Lime Solution: Mix 100 g of chlorinated lime with 1000 ml of water in a stoppered bottle, set aside for 3 hours shaking occassionally and filter through calico. The solution must be freshly prepared. 1.17 Chlorine Solution: A freshly prepared, saturated solution of chlorine in purified water. 1.18 Chromic Acid Solution: Dissolve 84 g of chromium trioxide in 700 ml of water and add slowly, with stirring, 400 ml of sulphuric acid. 1.19 Citric Acid, 0.1 M: Dissolve 21.0 g of citric acid in sufficient water to produce 1000 ml. 1.20 Citric- Molybdic Acid Solution: Mix 54 g of molybdic oxide with 200 ml of water, add 11 g of sodium hydroxide and heat, with stirring, until almost complete solution has been obtained. Dissolve 60 g of citric acid in 250 ml of water and add 140 ml of hydrochloric acid. Add the first solution to the second, stirring continuously, cool, filter if necessary, dilute to 1000 ml with water and add, dropwise, sufficient of a 1 per cent w/v solution of potassium bromate to discharge the green colour. Store protected from light and moisture. 1.21 Cobalt Chloride Solution: Dissolve 6.5 g of cobalt chloride in 8 ml of 2 M hydrochloric acid and dilute to 100 ml with water. 1.22 Copper Solution, Alkaline Solution l — Dissolve 8 g of sodium hydroxide in 200 ml of distilled water, add 40 g of sodium carbonate and make up the volume to 1000 ml with water. Solution II — Dissolve 4 g of potassium tartrate and 2 g of cupric sulphate in sufficient water to produce 100 ml. Mix 50 ml of solution I and 1 ml of solution II just before use. 1.23 Cupric Chloride-Pyridine Reagent; Copper Chloride-Pyridine Reagent: Dissolve 40 mg of cupric chloride in pyridine, warming until complete dissolution is effected, and cool. Add 1 ml of carbon disulphide and sufficient pyridine to produce 100 ml. 1.24 Cupri-Citric Solution; Copper-Citric Solution; Sodium Cupri- Citrate Solution: Dissolve 25 g of cupric sulphate, 50 g of citric acid and 144 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate in sufficient water to 1000 ml 1.25 Cupric Sulphate 0.02 M: Dissolve 5.0 g of cupric sulphate in water and dilute to 1000 ml with purified water. 1.26 Cupric Sulphate Solution; Copper Sulphate Solution: A 12.5 per cent w/v solution of cupric sulphate. 1.27 Cupric Sulphate Solution, Weak Cupric Sulphate Solution, Dilute: A 10.0 per cent w/v solution of cupric sulphate. 1.28 Cupri-Tartaric Solution; Modified Potassium Cupritartrate Solution. SOLUTION 1st — Dissolve 34.6 gm of cupric sulphate in sufficient water to produce 500 ml. SOLUTION 2nd — Dissolve 173 gm of sodium potassium tartrate and 50 g of sodium hydroxide in 400 ml of water, heat to boiling, allow to cool and dilute to 500 ml with freshly boiled and cooled water. Mix equal volumes of solution I and II immediately before use. |